How Trauma Impacts Gene Expression

Epigenetics refers to the ability of genes to be activated or silenced over a person's lifetime, rather than being fixed at birth. This flexibility highlights the importance of environmental factors, including the roles of caregivers, stress levels and nutrition, in shaping an individual's epigenetic development.

Research indicates that unintegrated trauma and the resulting nervous system disregulation can alter gene expression related to inflammation, a common mechanism underlying various stress-related disorders. However the integration of trauma with the help of a therapist and mindfulness practices have emerged as significant for promoting positive epigenetic changes, particularly in preventing inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions. Mindfulness appears to uniquely influence epigenetic regulation, unlike other relaxation techniques.

The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study further emphasises the long-term effects of trauma, showing that individuals with higher ACE scores are at greater risk for health issues and maladaptive behaviours in adulthood. These findings suggest a strong connection between early trauma, chronic stress, and inflammation, reinforcing the need for interventions that address these vulnerabilities.

Additionally, telomeres—protective caps on chromosomes—play a critical role in cellular health. Shortened telomeres, often influenced by stress and trauma, can lead to increased disease susceptibility. However, research indicates that telomerase, an enzyme that repairs and maintains telomeres, can be optimised through mindful presence and awareness.

So how do you gain presence when you are suffering the effects of unintegrated trauma that is constantly triggered? With the help of supportive therapeutic relationships, professionals can help clients widen their window of tolerance for being able to maintain presence while noticing a triggered trauma state rather than being overwhelmed by it. This therapeutic process is often referred to as integrating trauma with the goal of restoring integration within the brain, helping clients manage their emotions, thoughts, and bodily sensations thereby increasing presence and reducing stress. The resulting increase in presence and reduction in stress helps to optimised telomerase levels, improve epigenetic regulation, and foster healthier immune and cardiovascular functions. This integrated approach to healing underlines the transformative potential of mindfulness and relational awareness in addressing trauma and promoting overall well-being.